A machine vision camera, also known as an industrial camera, is a key part of a 2D image processing system. Its main function is to capture images, which are then processed by a combination of hardware and software. The information obtained is prepared for various applications.

A typical example of an image processing application in a manufacturing system is quality control, presence control and completeness control. This involves analyzing a specific feature of a part that is produced on an assembly line. In this way, it can be checked whether the part meets the quality criteria or, if necessary, must be sorted out.

CMOS image sensors have two exposure methods that control how an image is captured and read. These procedures determine the exposure time and thus the amount of light that is converted into electrons as a value in the camera sensor. A distinction is made between global shutter and rolling shutter:

In industrial image processing, a distinction is made between monochrome and color cameras. Monochrome cameras capture grayscale and focus on the differences in brightness in the image. This makes them particularly suitable for applications that require fine contrasts and details, such as when inspecting surfaces or measuring objects.

Color cameras, on the other hand, can capture color information, allowing them to capture surfaces more accurately. They analyze the entire color spectrum, providing more detailed and versatile image reproduction. This makes them ideal for applications where color plays an important role, such as in product quality control, where color differences can indicate material defects.